Fetch

Syntax#

promise = fetch(url).then(function(response) {})
promise = fetch(url, options)
promise = fetch(request)

Parameters#

Options	Details
`method`	The HTTP method to use for the request. ex: `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `DELETE`, `HEAD`. Defaults to `GET`.
`headers`	A `Headers` object containing additional HTTP headers to include in the request.
`body`	The request payload, can be a `string` or a `FormData` object. Defaults to `undefined`
`cache`	The caching mode. `default`, `reload`, `no-cache`
`referrer`	The referrer of the request.
`mode`	`cors`, `no-cors`, `same-origin`. Defaults to `no-cors`.
`credentials`	`omit`, `same-origin`, `include`. Defaults to `omit`.
`redirect`	`follow`, `error`, `manual`. Defaults to `follow`.
`integrity`	Associated integrity metadata. Defaults to empty string.
## Remarks#
The Fetch standard defines requests, responses, and the process that binds them: fetching.

Among other interfaces, the standard defines Request and Response Objects, designed to be used for all operations involving network requests.

A useful application of these interfaces is GlobalFetch, which can be used to load remote resources.

For browsers that do not yet support the Fetch standard, GitHub has a polyfill available. In addition, there is also a Node.js implementation that is useful for server/client consistency.

In the absence of cancelable Promises you can’t abort the fetch request (github issue). But there is a proposal by the T39 in stage 1 for cancelable promises.

GlobalFetch

The GlobalFetch interface exposes the fetch function, which can be used to request resources.

fetch('/path/to/resource.json')
    .then(response => {
        if (!response.ok()) {
            throw new Error("Request failed!");
        }
            
        return response.json();
    })
    .then(json => { 
        console.log(json);
    });

The resolved value is a Response Object. This Object contains the body of the response, as well as it’s status and headers.

Set Request Headers

fetch('/example.json', {
    headers: new Headers({
        'Accept': 'text/plain',
        'X-Your-Custom-Header': 'example value'
    })
});

POST Data

Posting form data

fetch(`/example/submit`, {
    method: 'POST',
    body: new FormData(document.getElementById('example-form'))
});

Posting JSON data

fetch(`/example/submit.json`, {
    method: 'POST',
    body: JSON.stringify({
        email: document.getElementById('example-email').value,
        comment: document.getElementById('example-comment').value
    })
});

Send cookies

The fetch function does not send cookies by default. There are two possible ways to send cookies:

Only send cookies if the URL is on the same origin as the calling script.

fetch('/login', {
    credentials: 'same-origin'
})

Always send cookies, even for cross-origin calls.

fetch('https://otherdomain.com/login', {
    credentials: 'include'
})

Getting JSON data

// get some data from stackoverflow
fetch("https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions/featured?order=desc&sort=activity&site=stackoverflow")
  .then(resp => resp.json())
  .then(json => console.log(json))
  .catch(err => console.log(err));

Using Fetch to Display Questions from the Stack Overflow API

const url =
      'https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions?site=stackoverflow&tagged=javascript';

const questionList = document.createElement('ul');
document.body.appendChild(questionList);

const responseData = fetch(url).then(response => response.json());
responseData.then(({items, has_more, quota_max, quota_remaining}) => {
  for (const {title, score, owner, link, answer_count} of items) {
    const listItem = document.createElement('li');
    questionList.appendChild(listItem);
    const a = document.createElement('a');
    listItem.appendChild(a);
    a.href = link;
    a.textContent = `[${score}] ${title} (by ${owner.display_name || 'somebody'})`
  }
});