Remarks#

A plugin is a script or set of scripts that changes Vim’s default behavior, either by adding non-existing features or by extending existing features.

Often added “non-existing features” include:

• commenting,
• indentation detection,
• autocompletion,
• fuzzy-matching,
• support for a specific language,
• etc.

Often extended “existing features” include:

• omni-completion,
• text-objects & motions,
• yanking & putting,
• status line,
• search & replace,
• buffer/window/tab page switching,
• folding,
• etc.

How plugins work

A plugin could present itself as a single file containing 30 lines of vimscript or as 20MB of vimscript/python/ruby/whatever split into many files across a dozen of directories that depends on a number of external tools.

The former is obviously easy to install and manage but the latter could pause quite a challenge.

The principle

The 'runtimepath' option tells Vim where to look for runtime scripts. The default value makes Vim look for scripts into the following directories in order:

• on UNIX-like systems

  • $HOME/.vim/
  • $VIM/vimfiles/
  • $VIMRUNTIME/
  • $VIM/vimfiles/after/
  • $HOME/.vim/after/

• on Windows

  • $HOME/vimfiles/
  • $VIM/vimfiles/
  • $VIMRUNTIME/
  • $VIM/vimfiles/after/
  • $HOME/vimfiles/after/

Of the directories above, only install plugins into the ones in bold. The others will cause instability for no good reason. Installing a plugin boils down to placing each of its components in the right directory under $HOME/.vim/ or $HOME/vimfiles/.

The manual method

Single file plugin

Put the file under $HOME/.vim/plugin or $HOME/vimfiles/plugin

This would source the plugin on startup of Vim. Now the user could use everything defined in it. If the plugin however needs activation, the user either has to execute the command themselves whenever they want to use it, or add the command to .vimrc

Bundle

A bundle is a directory structure that the plugin uses. It consists of all the files of the plugin under the appropriate sub-directories.

To install such a plugin the sub-directories should be merged with their counterparts in $HOME/.vim/plugin. This approach however leads to mixing of the files of different plugins in the same directories and could possibly lead to namespace problems.

Another approach is to copy the entire directory into $HOME/.vim/bundle.

When using this approach there should be at least one .vim file under the $HOME/.vim/bundle/autoload directory. These files would be sourced by vim on startup.

Note: Depending on the operating system of the user the prefix of all paths might be $HOME/vimfiles. For more details see How plugins work

VAM

https://github.com/MarcWeber/vim-addon-manager

Vundle

Vundle is a plugin manager for Vim.

Installing Vundle

(Full installation details can be found in the Vundle Quick Start)

1. Install Git and clone Vundle into ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim.

2. Configure plugins by adding the following to the top of your .vimrc, adding or removing plugins as necessary (the plugins in the list are merely for illustration purposes)

    set nocompatible              " be iMproved, required
    filetype off                  " required
   
    " set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
    set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
    call vundle#begin()
    " alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
    "call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')
   
    " let Vundle manage Vundle, required
    Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
   
    " All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
    call vundle#end()            " required
    filetype plugin indent on    " required
    " To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use:
    "filetype plugin on
   
    "place non-Plugin stuff after this line

3. Install Plugins: by launching Vim and running :PluginInstall.

Supported Plugin Formats

The following are examples of different formats supported. Keep Plugin commands between vundle#begin and vundle#end.

Working on a shared account, for example, on cluster head node can raise issues from the point of disk usage by .vim directory. There are a couple of packages which take considerable amount of disk space, for example YCM. So please choose your Vundle plugin directory wisely, and its very easy to do so by setting rtp. And also if you are planning to install any vim plugin, don’t directly do git clone in the bundle directory. Use the Vundle way.

The future: packages

See :help packages.

Pathogen

vim-pathogen is a runtimepath manager created by Tim Pope to make it easy to install plugins and runtime files in their own private directories.

Installing Pathogen

1. Put pathogen in ~/.vim/bundle (here with Git, but it’s not mandatory):

   git clone https://github.com/tpope/vim-pathogen.git

2. Add the following lines to the top of your .vimrc:

    " enable vim-pathogen
    runtime bundle/vim-pathogen/autoload/pathogen.vim
    execute pathogen#infect()

• the runtime directive specifies the path to the autoload script of vim-pathogen;
• execute pathogen#infect() initiates it.

Once initiated, Pathogen will automatically start a sweep through the folders in ~/.vim/bundle and load the plugin from each of them.

Using Pathogen

1. Put the top-level directory of your plugin in ~/.vim/bundle/ to make it available next time you start Vim.
2. Run :Helptags to index your new plugin’s documentation.

Benefits

• Each plugin resides in its own directory under ~/.vim/bundle/.
• Your .vimrc stays clean from the configuration needed to load plugins.

The effort needed to “manage” a plugin is thus reduced to:

• put its top-level directory under ~/.vim/bundle/ to install it,
• replace its top-level directory to update it,
• delete its top-level directory to uninstall it.

How you perform those three actions (manually, via an automation tool, with Git/Svn/Hg/whatever…) is completely up to you.