Scala Language

Working With Gradle

Basic Setup

  1. Create a file named SCALA_PROJECT/build.gradle with these contents:

    group 'scala_gradle'
version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'

apply plugin: 'scala'

repositories {
    jcenter()
    mavenCentral()
    maven {
        url "https://repo.typesafe.com/typesafe/maven-releases"
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile group: 'org.scala-lang', name: 'scala-library', version: '2.10.6'
}


task  "create-dirs" << {
    sourceSets*.scala.srcDirs*.each { it.mkdirs() }
    sourceSets*.resources.srcDirs*.each { it.mkdirs() }
}

  2. Run gradle tasks to see available tasks.

  3. Run gradle create-dirs to create a src/scala, src/resources directory.

  4. Run gradle build to build the project and download dependencies.

Create your own Gradle Scala plugin

After going through the Basic Setup example, you may find yourself repeating most part of it in every single Scala Gradle project. Smells like boilerplate code…

What if, instead of applying the Scala plugin offered by Gradle, you could apply your own Scala plugin, which would be responsible for handling all your common build logic, extending, at the same time, the already existing plugin.

This example is going to transform the previous build logic into a reusable Gradle plugin.

Luckyly, in Gradle, you can easily write custom plugins with the help of the Gradle API, as outlined in the documentation. As language of implementation, you can use Scala itself or even Java. However, most of the examples you can find throughout the docs are written in Groovy. If you need more code samples or you want to understand what lies behind the Scala plugin, for instance, you can check the gradle github repo.

Writing the plugin

Requirements

The custom plugin will add the following functionality when applied to a project:

  • a scalaVersion property object, which will have two overridable default properties
    • major = “2.12”
    • minor = “0”
  • a withScalaVersion function, which applied to a dependency name, will add the scala major version to ensure binary compatibility

(sbt %% operator might ring a bell, otherwise go here before proceeding)

  • a createDirs task to create the necessary directory tree, exactly as in the previous example

Implementation guideline

  1. create a new gradle project and add the following to build.gradle
apply plugin: 'scala'
apply plugin: 'maven'

repositories {
    mavenLocal()
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    compile gradleApi()
    compile "org.scala-lang:scala-library:2.12.0"
}

Notes:

  • the plugin implementation is written in Scala, thus we need the Gradle Scala Plugin
  • in order to use the plugin from other projects, the Gradle Maven Plugin is used; this adds the install task used for saving the project jar to the Maven Local Repository
  • compile gradleApi() adds the gradle-api-<gradle_version>.jar to the classpath
  1. create a new Scala class for the plugin implementation
package com.btesila.gradle.plugins 
 
import org.gradle.api.{Plugin, Project}  
 
class ScalaCustomPlugin extends Plugin[Project] {
    override def apply(project: Project): Unit = {
        project.getPlugins.apply("scala")
    }
}

Notes:

  • in order to implement a Plugin, just extend Plugin trait of type Project and override the apply method
  • within the apply method, you have access to the Project instance that the plugin is applied to and you can use it for adding build logic to it
  • this plugin does nothing but apply the already existing Gradle Scala Plugin
  1. add the scalaVersion object property

Firstly, we create a ScalaVersion class, which will hold the two version properties

class ScalaVersion {
  var major: String = "2.12"
  var minor: String = "0"
}

One cool thing about Gradle plugins is the fact that you can always add or override specific properties. A plugin receives this kind of user input via the ExtensionContainer attached to a gradle Project instance. For more details, check this out.
By adding the following to the apply method, we are basically doing this:

  • if there is not a scalaVersion property defined in the project, we add one with the default values
  • otherwise, we get the existing one as instance of ScalaVersion, to use it further
var scalaVersion = new ScalaVersion
if (!project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.has("scalaVersion"))
   project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.set("scalaVersion", scalaVersion)
else
   scalaVersion = project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.get("scalaVersion").asInstanceOf[ScalaVersion]

This is equivalent to writing the following to the build file of the project that applies the plugin:

ext {
    scalaVersion.major = "2.12"
    scalaVersion.minor = "0"

}
  1. add the scala-lang library to the project dependencies, using the scalaVersion
project.getDependencies.add("compile", s"org.scala-lang:scala-library:${scalaVersion.major}.${scalaVersion.minor}")

This is equivalent to writing the following to the build file of the project that applies the plugin:

compile "org.scala-lang:scala-library:2.12.0"
  1. add the withScalaVersion function
val withScalaVersion = (lib: String) => {
    val libComp = lib.split(":")
    libComp.update(1, s"${libComp(1)}_${scalaVersion.major}")
    libComp.mkString(":")
}
project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.set("withScalaVersion", withScalaVersion)
  1. finally, create the createDirs task and add it to the project

Implement a Gradle task by extending DefaultTask:

class CreateDirs extends DefaultTask {
  @TaskAction
  def createDirs(): Unit = {
    val sourceSetContainer = this.getProject.getConvention.getPlugin(classOf[JavaPluginConvention]).getSourceSets

    sourceSetContainer forEach { sourceSet =>
      sourceSet.getAllSource.getSrcDirs.forEach(file => if (!file.getName.contains("java")) file.mkdirs())
    }
  }
}

Note: the SourceSetContainer has information about all source directories present in the project. What the Gradle Scala Plugin does, is to add the extra source sets to the Java ones, as you can see in theplugin docs.

Add the createDir task to the project by appending this to the apply method:

project.getTasks.create("createDirs", classOf[CreateDirs])

In the end, your ScalaCustomPlugin class should look like this:

class ScalaCustomPlugin extends Plugin[Project] {
  override def apply(project: Project): Unit = {
    project.getPlugins.apply("scala")

    var scalaVersion = new ScalaVersion
    if (!project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.has("scalaVersion"))
      project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.set("scalaVersion", scalaVersion)
    else
      scalaVersion = project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.get("scalaVersion").asInstanceOf[ScalaVersion]

    project.getDependencies.add("compile", s"org.scala-lang:scala-library:${scalaVersion.major}.${scalaVersion.minor}")

    val withScalaVersion = (lib: String) => {
      val libComp = lib.split(":")
      libComp.update(1, s"${libComp(1)}_${scalaVersion.major}")
      libComp.mkString(":")
    }
    project.getExtensions.getExtraProperties.set("withScalaVersion", withScalaVersion)

    project.getTasks.create("createDirs", classOf[CreateDirs])
  }
}

Installing the plugin project to the local Maven repository

This is done really easy by running gradle install
You can check the installation by going to local repository directory, usually found at ~/.m2/repository

How does Gradle find our new plugin?

Each Gradle plugin has an id which is used in the apply statement. For instance, by writing the following to the build file, it translates to a trigger to Gradle to find and apply the plugin with id scala.

apply plugin: 'scala'

In the same way, we would like to apply our new plugin in the following way,

apply plugin: "com.btesila.scala.plugin"

meaning that our plugin will have the com.btesila.scala.plugin id.

In order to set this id, add the following file:
src/main/resources/META-INF/gradle-plugin/com.btesil.scala.plugin.properties

implementation-class=com.btesila.gradle.plugins.ScalaCustomPlugin

Afterwards, run again gradle install.

Using the plugin

  1. create a new empty Gradle project and add the following to the build file
buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenLocal()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        //modify this path to match the installed plugin project in your local repository
        classpath 'com.btesila:working-with-gradle:1.0-SNAPSHOT'
    }
}

repositories {
    mavenLocal()
    mavenCentral()
}


apply plugin: "com.btesila.scala.plugin"
  1. run gradle createDirs - you should now have all the source directories generated
  2. override the scala version by adding this to the build file:
ext {
    scalaVersion.major = "2.11"
    scalaVersion.minor = "8"

}
println(project.ext.scalaVersion.major)
println(project.ext.scalaVersion.minor)
  1. add a dependency library that is binary compatible with the Scala version
dependencies {
    compile withScalaVersion("com.typesafe.scala-logging:scala-logging:3.5.0")
}

That’s it! You can now use this plugin across all your projects without repeating the same old boilerplate.

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