API Calls

Introduction#

API stands for Application Programming Interface

API’s for VBA imply a set of methods that allow direct interaction with the operating system

System calls can be made by executing procedures defined in DLL files

Remarks#

Common operating environment library files (DLL’s):

Dynamic Link Library	Description
Advapi32.dll	Advanced services library for APIs including many security and Registry calls
Comdlg32.dll	Common dialog API library
Gdi32.dll	Graphics Device Interface API library
Kernel32.dll	Core Windows 32-bit base API support
Lz32.dll	32-bit compression routines
Mpr.dll	Multiple Provider Router library
Netapi32.dll	32-bit Network API library
Shell32.dll	32-bit Shell API library
User32.dll	Library for user interface routines
Version.dll	Version library
Winmm.dll	Windows multimedia library
Winspool.drv	Print spooler interface that contains the print spooler API calls

New arguments used for the 64 system:

Type	Item	Description
Qualifier	PtrSafe	Indicates that the Declare statement is compatible with 64-bits. This attribute is mandatory on 64-bit systems
Data Type	LongPtr	A variable data type which is a 4-bytes data type on 32-bit versions and an 8-byte data type on 64-bit versions of Office 2010. This is the recommended way of declaring a pointer or a handle for new code but also for legacy code if it has to run in the 64-bit version of Office 2010. It is only supported in the VBA 7 runtime on 32-bit and 64-bit. Note that you can assign numeric values to it but not numeric types
Data Type	LongLong	This is an 8-byte data type which is available only in 64-bit versions of Office 2010. You can assign numeric values but not numeric types (to avoid truncation)
Conversion	Operator	CLngPtr Converts a simple expression to a LongPtr data type
Conversion	Operator	CLngLng Converts a simple expression to a LongLong data type
Function	VarPtr	Variant converter. Returns a LongPtr on 64-bit versions, and a Long on 32-bit (4 bytes)
Function	ObjPtr	Object converter. Returns a LongPtr on 64-bit versions, and a Long on 32-bit (4 bytes)
Function	StrPtr	String converter. Returns a LongPtr on 64-bit versions, and a Long on 32-bit (4 bytes)

Full reference of call signatures:

Win32api32.txt for Visual Basic 5.0 (old API declarations, last reviewed Mar 2005, Microsoft)
Win32API_PtrSafe with 64-bit Support (Office 2010, Microsoft)

API declaration and usage

Declaring a DLL procedure to work with different VBA versions:

Option Explicit

#If Win64 Then

    Private Declare PtrSafe Sub xLib "Kernel32" Alias "Sleep" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)

#ElseIf Win32 Then

    Private Declare Sub apiSleep Lib "Kernel32" Alias "Sleep" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)

#End If

The above declaration tells VBA how to call the function “Sleep” defined in file Kernel32.dll

Win64 and Win32 are predefined constants used for conditional compilation

Pre-defined Constants

Some compilation constants are already pre-defined. Which ones exist will depend on the bitness of the office version you’re running VBA in. Note that Vba7 was introduced alongside Office 2010 to support 64 bit versions of Office.

Constant	16 bit	32 bit	64 bit
Vba6	False	If Vba6	False
Vba7	False	If Vba7	True
Win16	True	False	False
Win32	False	True	True
Win64	False	False	True
Mac	False	If Mac	If Mac

These constants refer to the Office version, not the Windows version. For example Win32 = TRUE in 32-bit Office, even if the OS is a 64-bit version of Windows.

The main difference when declaring APIs is between 32 bit and 64 bit Office versions which introduced new parameter types (see Remarks section for more details)

Notes:

Declarations are placed at the top of the module, and outside any Subs or Functions

Procedures declared in standard modules are public by default

To declare a procedure private to a module precede the declaration with the Private keyword

DLL procedures declared in any other type of module are private to that module

Simple example for the Sleep API call:

Public Sub TestPause()

    Dim start As Double

    start = Timer

    Sleep 9000      'Pause execution for 9 seconds

    Debug.Print "Paused for " & Format(Timer - start, "#,###.000") & " seconds"

    'Immediate window result: Paused for 9.000 seconds

End Sub

It is recommended to create a dedicated API module to provide easy access to the system functions from VBA wrappers — normal VBA Subs or Functions that encapsulate the details needed for the actual system call such as parameters used in libraries, and initialization of those parameters

The module can contain all declarations and dependencies:

Method signatures and required data structures
Wrappers that perform input validation, and ensure all parameters are passed as expected

To declare a DLL procedure, add a Declare statement to the Declarations section of the code window.

If the procedure returns a value, declare it as a Function:

Declare Function publicname Lib "libname" [Alias "alias"] [([[ByVal] variable [As type] [,[ByVal] variable [As type]]...])] As Type

If a procedure does not return a value, declare it as a Sub:

Declare Sub publicname Lib "libname" [Alias "alias"] [([[ByVal] variable [As type] [,[ByVal] variable [As type]]...])]

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Also of note is that most invalid calls to the API’s will crash Excel, and possibly corrupt data files

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Office 2011 for Mac

Private Declare Function system Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal command As String) As Long

Sub RunSafari()
    Dim result As Long
    result = system("open -a Safari --args https://www.google.com")
    Debug.Print Str(result)
End Sub

The examples bellow (Windows API - Dedicated Module (1 and 2)) show an API module that includes common declarations for Win64 and Win32

Windows API - Dedicated Module (1 of 2)

Option Explicit

#If Win64 Then  'Win64 = True, Win32 = False, Win16 = False
    Private Declare PtrSafe Sub apiCopyMemory Lib "Kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (MyDest As Any, MySource As Any, ByVal MySize As Long)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Sub apiExitProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "ExitProcess" (ByVal uExitCode As Long)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Sub apiSetCursorPos Lib "User32" Alias "SetCursorPos" (ByVal X As Integer, ByVal Y As Integer)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Sub apiSleep Lib "Kernel32" Alias "Sleep" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiAttachThreadInput Lib "User32" Alias "AttachThreadInput" (ByVal idAttach As Long, ByVal idAttachTo As Long, ByVal fAttach As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiBringWindowToTop Lib "User32" Alias "BringWindowToTop" (ByVal lngHWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiCloseWindow Lib "User32" Alias "CloseWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiDestroyWindow Lib "User32" Alias "DestroyWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Boolean
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiEndDialog Lib "User32" Alias "EndDialog" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal result As Long) As Boolean
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiEnumChildWindows Lib "User32" Alias "EnumChildWindows" (ByVal hWndParent As Long, ByVal pEnumProc As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiExitWindowsEx Lib "User32" Alias "ExitWindowsEx" (ByVal uFlags As Long, ByVal dwReserved As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFindExecutable Lib "Shell32" Alias "FindExecutableA" (ByVal lpFile As String, ByVallpDirectory As String, ByVal lpResult As String) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFindWindow Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowA" (ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetActiveWindow Lib "User32" Alias "GetActiveWindow" () As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetClassNameA Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal szClassName As String, ByVal lLength As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetCommandLine Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetCommandLineW" () As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetCommandLineParams Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetCommandLineA" () As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetDiskFreeSpaceEx Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetDiskFreeSpaceExA" (ByVal lpDirectoryName As String, lpFreeBytesAvailableToCaller As Currency, lpTotalNumberOfBytes As Currency, lpTotalNumberOfFreeBytes As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetDriveType Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetDriveTypeA" (ByVal nDrive As String) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetExitCodeProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetExitCodeProcess" (ByVal hProcess As Long, lpExitCode As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetForegroundWindow Lib "User32" Alias "GetForegroundWindow" () As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetFrequency Lib "Kernel32" Alias "QueryPerformanceFrequency" (cyFrequency As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetLastError Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetLastError" () As Integer
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetParent Lib "User32" Alias "GetParent" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetSystemMetrics Lib "User32" Alias "GetSystemMetrics" (ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetSystemMetrics32 Lib "User32" Alias "GetSystemMetrics" (ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetTickCount Lib "Kernel32" Alias "QueryPerformanceCounter" (cyTickCount As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetTickCountMs Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetTickCount" () As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetUserName Lib "AdvApi32" Alias "GetUserNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, nSize As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetWindow Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wCmd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetWindowRect Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowRect" (ByVal hWnd As Long, lpRect As winRect) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetWindowText Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowTextA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal szWindowText As String, ByVal lLength As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetWindowThreadProcessId Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowThreadProcessId" (ByVal hWnd As Long, lpdwProcessId As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiIsCharAlphaNumericA Lib "User32" Alias "IsCharAlphaNumericA" (ByVal byChar As Byte) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiIsIconic Lib "User32" Alias "IsIconic" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiIsWindowVisible Lib "User32" Alias "IsWindowVisible" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiIsZoomed Lib "User32" Alias "IsZoomed" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiLStrCpynA Lib "Kernel32" Alias "lstrcpynA" (ByVal pDestination As String, ByVal pSource As Long, ByVal iMaxLength As Integer) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiMessageBox Lib "User32" Alias "MessageBoxA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpText As String, ByVal lpCaption As String, ByVal wType As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiOpenIcon Lib "User32" Alias "OpenIcon" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiOpenProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "OpenProcess" (ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long, ByVal bInheritHandle As Long, ByVal dwProcessId As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiPathAddBackslashByPointer Lib "ShlwApi" Alias "PathAddBackslashW" (ByVal lpszPath As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiPathAddBackslashByString Lib "ShlwApi" Alias "PathAddBackslashW" (ByVal lpszPath As String) As Long 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa155716%28office.10%29.aspx
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiPostMessage Lib "User32" Alias "PostMessageA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiRegQueryValue Lib "AdvApi32" Alias "RegQueryValue" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal sValueName As String, ByVal dwReserved As Long, ByRef lValueType As Long, ByVal sValue As String, ByRef lResultLen As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSendMessage Lib "User32" Alias "SendMessageA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, lParam As Any) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetActiveWindow Lib "User32" Alias "SetActiveWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetCurrentDirectoryA Lib "Kernel32" Alias "SetCurrentDirectoryA" (ByVal lpPathName As String) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetFocus Lib "User32" Alias "SetFocus" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetForegroundWindow Lib "User32" Alias "SetForegroundWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetLocalTime Lib "Kernel32" Alias "SetLocalTime" (lpSystem As SystemTime) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetWindowPlacement Lib "User32" Alias "SetWindowPlacement" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByRef lpwndpl As winPlacement) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetWindowPos Lib "User32" Alias "SetWindowPos" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal hWndInsertAfter As Long, ByVal X As Long, ByVal Y As Long, ByVal cx As Long, ByVal cy As Long, ByVal wFlags As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiSetWindowText Lib "User32" Alias "SetWindowTextA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpString As String) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiShellExecute Lib "Shell32" Alias "ShellExecuteA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpOperation As String, ByVal lpFile As String, ByVal lpParameters As String, ByVal lpDirectory As String, ByVal nShowCmd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiShowWindow Lib "User32" Alias "ShowWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal nCmdShow As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiShowWindowAsync Lib "User32" Alias "ShowWindowAsync" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal nCmdShow As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiStrCpy Lib "Kernel32" Alias "lstrcpynA" (ByVal pDestination As String, ByVal pSource As String, ByVal iMaxLength As Integer) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiStringLen Lib "Kernel32" Alias "lstrlenW" (ByVal lpString As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiStrTrimW Lib "ShlwApi" Alias "StrTrimW" () As Boolean
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiTerminateProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "TerminateProcess" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal uExitCode As Long) As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiTimeGetTime Lib "Winmm" Alias "timeGetTime" () As Long
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiVarPtrArray Lib "MsVbVm50" Alias "VarPtr" (Var() As Any) As Long
    Private Type browseInfo     'used by apiBrowseForFolder
        hOwner As Long
        pidlRoot As Long
        pszDisplayName As String
        lpszTitle As String
        ulFlags As Long
        lpfn As Long
        lParam As Long
        iImage As Long
    End Type
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiBrowseForFolder Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHBrowseForFolderA" (lpBrowseInfo As browseInfo) As Long
    Private Type CHOOSECOLOR    'used by apiChooseColor; https://support.microsoft.com/kb/153929 and https://www.cpearson.com/Excel/Colors.aspx
        lStructSize As Long
        hWndOwner As Long
        hInstance As Long
        rgbResult As Long
        lpCustColors As String
        flags As Long
        lCustData As Long
        lpfnHook As Long
        lpTemplateName As String
    End Type
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiChooseColor Lib "ComDlg32" Alias "ChooseColorA" (pChoosecolor As CHOOSECOLOR) As Long
    Private Type FindWindowParameters   'Custom structure for passing in the parameters in/out of the hook enumeration function; could use global variables instead, but this is nicer
        strTitle As String  'INPUT
        hWnd As Long        'OUTPUT
    End Type                            'Find a specific window with dynamic caption from a list of all open windows: https://www.everythingaccess.com/tutorials.asp?ID=Bring-an-external-application-window-to-the-foreground
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiEnumWindows Lib "User32" Alias "EnumWindows" (ByVal lpEnumFunc As LongPtr, ByVal lParam As LongPtr) As Long
    Private Type lastInputInfo  'used by apiGetLastInputInfo, getLastInputTime
        cbSize As Long
        dwTime As Long
    End Type
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetLastInputInfo Lib "User32" Alias "GetLastInputInfo" (ByRef plii As lastInputInfo) As Long
    'https://www.pgacon.com/visualbasic.htm#Take%20Advantage%20of%20Conditional%20Compilation
    'Logical and Bitwise Operators in Visual Basic: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wz3k228a(v=vs.80).aspx and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1070863/hidden-features-of-vba
    Private Type SystemTime
          wYear          As Integer
          wMonth         As Integer
          wDayOfWeek     As Integer
          wDay           As Integer
          wHour          As Integer
          wMinute        As Integer
          wSecond        As Integer
          wMilliseconds  As Integer
    End Type
    Private Declare PtrSafe Sub apiGetLocalTime Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetLocalTime" (lpSystem As SystemTime)
    Private Type pointAPI       'used by apiSetWindowPlacement
         X As Long
         Y As Long
    End Type
    Private Type rectAPI       'used by apiSetWindowPlacement
        Left_Renamed As Long
        Top_Renamed As Long
        Right_Renamed As Long
        Bottom_Renamed As Long
    End Type
    Private Type winPlacement   'used by apiSetWindowPlacement
        length As Long
        flags As Long
        showCmd As Long
        ptMinPosition As pointAPI
        ptMaxPosition As pointAPI
        rcNormalPosition As rectAPI
    End Type
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiGetWindowPlacement Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowPlacement" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByRef lpwndpl As winPlacement) As Long
    Private Type winRect     'used by apiMoveWindow
        Left As Long
        Top As Long
        Right As Long
        Bottom As Long
    End Type
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiMoveWindow Lib "User32" Alias "MoveWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long, xLeft As Long, ByVal yTop As Long, wWidth As Long, ByVal hHeight As Long, ByVal repaint As Long) As Long

    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiInternetOpen Lib "WiniNet" Alias "InternetOpenA" (ByVal sAgent As String, ByVal lAccessType As Long, ByVal sProxyName As String, ByVal sProxyBypass As String, ByVal lFlags As Long) As Long    'Open the Internet object    'ex: lngINet = InternetOpen(“MyFTP Control”, 1, vbNullString, vbNullString, 0)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiInternetConnect Lib "WiniNet" Alias "InternetConnectA" (ByVal hInternetSession As Long, ByVal sServerName As String, ByVal nServerPort As Integer, ByVal sUsername As String, ByVal sPassword As String, ByVal lService As Long, ByVal lFlags As Long, ByVal lContext As Long) As Long  'Connect to the network  'ex: lngINetConn = InternetConnect(lngINet, "ftp.microsoft.com", 0, "anonymous", "wally@wallyworld.com", 1, 0, 0)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFtpGetFile Lib "WiniNet" Alias "FtpGetFileA" (ByVal hFtpSession As Long, ByVal lpszRemoteFile As String, ByVal lpszNewFile As String, ByVal fFailIfExists As Boolean, ByVal dwFlagsAndAttributes As Long, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwContext As Long) As Boolean    'Get a file 'ex: blnRC = FtpGetFile(lngINetConn, "dirmap.txt", "c:\dirmap.txt", 0, 0, 1, 0)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFtpPutFile Lib "WiniNet" Alias "FtpPutFileA" (ByVal hFtpSession As Long, ByVal lpszLocalFile As String, ByVal lpszRemoteFile As String, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwContext As Long) As Boolean  'Send a file  'ex: blnRC = FtpPutFile(lngINetConn, “c:\dirmap.txt”, “dirmap.txt”, 1, 0)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFtpDeleteFile Lib "WiniNet" Alias "FtpDeleteFileA" (ByVal hFtpSession As Long, ByVal lpszFileName As String) As Boolean 'Delete a file 'ex: blnRC = FtpDeleteFile(lngINetConn, “test.txt”)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiInternetCloseHandle Lib "WiniNet" (ByVal hInet As Long) As Integer  'Close the Internet object  'ex: InternetCloseHandle lngINetConn    'ex: InternetCloseHandle lngINet
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiFtpFindFirstFile Lib "WiniNet" Alias "FtpFindFirstFileA" (ByVal hFtpSession As Long, ByVal lpszSearchFile As String, lpFindFileData As WIN32_FIND_DATA, ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwContent As Long) As Long
    Private Type FILETIME
        dwLowDateTime As Long
        dwHighDateTime As Long
    End Type
    Private Type WIN32_FIND_DATA
        dwFileAttributes As Long
        ftCreationTime As FILETIME
        ftLastAccessTime As FILETIME
        ftLastWriteTime As FILETIME
        nFileSizeHigh As Long
        nFileSizeLow As Long
        dwReserved0 As Long
        dwReserved1 As Long
        cFileName As String * 1 'MAX_FTP_PATH
        cAlternate As String * 14
    End Type    'ex: lngHINet = FtpFindFirstFile(lngINetConn, "*.*", pData, 0, 0)
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function apiInternetFindNextFile Lib "WiniNet" Alias "InternetFindNextFileA" (ByVal hFind As Long, lpvFindData As WIN32_FIND_DATA) As Long  'ex: blnRC = InternetFindNextFile(lngHINet, pData)
#ElseIf Win32 Then  'Win32 = True, Win16 = False

(continued in second example)

Windows API - Dedicated Module (2 of 2)

#ElseIf Win32 Then  'Win32 = True, Win16 = False
    Private Declare Sub apiCopyMemory Lib "Kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" (MyDest As Any, MySource As Any, ByVal MySize As Long)
    Private Declare Sub apiExitProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "ExitProcess" (ByVal uExitCode As Long)
    'Private Declare Sub apiGetStartupInfo Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetStartupInfoA" (lpStartupInfo As STARTUPINFO)
    Private Declare Sub apiSetCursorPos Lib "User32" Alias "SetCursorPos" (ByVal X As Integer, ByVal Y As Integer)  'Logical and Bitwise Operators in Visual Basic: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/wz3k228a(v=vs.80).aspx and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1070863/hidden-features-of-vba    'https://www.pgacon.com/visualbasic.htm#Take%20Advantage%20of%20Conditional%20Compilation
    Private Declare Sub apiSleep Lib "Kernel32" Alias "Sleep" (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)
    Private Declare Function apiAttachThreadInput Lib "User32" Alias "AttachThreadInput" (ByVal idAttach As Long, ByVal idAttachTo As Long, ByVal fAttach As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiBringWindowToTop Lib "User32" Alias "BringWindowToTop" (ByVal lngHWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiCloseHandle Lib "Kernel32" (ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiCloseWindow Lib "User32" Alias "CloseWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    'Private Declare Function apiCreatePipe Lib "Kernel32" (phReadPipe As Long, phWritePipe As Long, lpPipeAttributes As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long
    'Private Declare Function apiCreateProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "CreateProcessA" (ByVal lpApplicationName As Long, ByVal lpCommandLine As String, lpProcessAttributes As Any, lpThreadAttributes As Any, ByVal bInheritHandles As Long, ByVal dwCreationFlags As Long, lpEnvironment As Any, ByVal lpCurrentDriectory As String, lpStartupInfo As STARTUPINFO, lpProcessInformation As PROCESS_INFORMATION) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiDestroyWindow Lib "User32" Alias "DestroyWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Boolean
    Private Declare Function apiEndDialog Lib "User32" Alias "EndDialog" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal result As Long) As Boolean
    Private Declare Function apiEnumChildWindows Lib "User32" Alias "EnumChildWindows" (ByVal hWndParent As Long, ByVal pEnumProc As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiExitWindowsEx Lib "User32" Alias "ExitWindowsEx" (ByVal uFlags As Long, ByVal dwReserved As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiFindExecutable Lib "Shell32" Alias "FindExecutableA" (ByVal lpFile As String, ByVallpDirectory As String, ByVal lpResult As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiFindWindow Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowA" (ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiFindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetActiveWindow Lib "User32" Alias "GetActiveWindow" () As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetClassNameA Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal szClassName As String, ByVal lLength As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetCommandLine Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetCommandLineW" () As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetCommandLineParams Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetCommandLineA" () As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetDiskFreeSpaceEx Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetDiskFreeSpaceExA" (ByVal lpDirectoryName As String, lpFreeBytesAvailableToCaller As Currency, lpTotalNumberOfBytes As Currency, lpTotalNumberOfFreeBytes As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetDriveType Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetDriveTypeA" (ByVal nDrive As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetExitCodeProcess Lib "Kernel32" (ByVal hProcess As Long, lpExitCode As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetFileSize Lib "Kernel32" (ByVal hFile As Long, lpFileSizeHigh As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetForegroundWindow Lib "User32" Alias "GetForegroundWindow" () As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetFrequency Lib "Kernel32" Alias "QueryPerformanceFrequency" (cyFrequency As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetLastError Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetLastError" () As Integer
    Private Declare Function apiGetParent Lib "User32" Alias "GetParent" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetSystemMetrics Lib "User32" Alias "GetSystemMetrics" (ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetTickCount Lib "Kernel32" Alias "QueryPerformanceCounter" (cyTickCount As Currency) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetTickCountMs Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetTickCount" () As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetUserName Lib "AdvApi32" Alias "GetUserNameA" (ByVal lpBuffer As String, nSize As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetWindow Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wCmd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetWindowRect Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowRect" (ByVal hWnd As Long, lpRect As winRect) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetWindowText Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowTextA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal szWindowText As String, ByVal lLength As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiGetWindowThreadProcessId Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowThreadProcessId" (ByVal hWnd As Long, lpdwProcessId As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiIsCharAlphaNumericA Lib "User32" Alias "IsCharAlphaNumericA" (ByVal byChar As Byte) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiIsIconic Lib "User32" Alias "IsIconic" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiIsWindowVisible Lib "User32" Alias "IsWindowVisible" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiIsZoomed Lib "User32" Alias "IsZoomed" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiLStrCpynA Lib "Kernel32" Alias "lstrcpynA" (ByVal pDestination As String, ByVal pSource As Long, ByVal iMaxLength As Integer) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiMessageBox Lib "User32" Alias "MessageBoxA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpText As String, ByVal lpCaption As String, ByVal wType As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiOpenIcon Lib "User32" Alias "OpenIcon" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiOpenProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "OpenProcess" (ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Long, ByVal bInheritHandle As Long, ByVal dwProcessId As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiPathAddBackslashByPointer Lib "ShlwApi" Alias "PathAddBackslashW" (ByVal lpszPath As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiPathAddBackslashByString Lib "ShlwApi" Alias "PathAddBackslashW" (ByVal lpszPath As String) As Long 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa155716%28office.10%29.aspx
    Private Declare Function apiPostMessage Lib "User32" Alias "PostMessageA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiReadFile Lib "Kernel32" (ByVal hFile As Long, lpBuffer As Any, ByVal nNumberOfBytesToRead As Long, lpNumberOfBytesRead As Long, lpOverlapped As Any) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiRegQueryValue Lib "AdvApi32" Alias "RegQueryValue" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal sValueName As String, ByVal dwReserved As Long, ByRef lValueType As Long, ByVal sValue As String, ByRef lResultLen As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSendMessage Lib "User32" Alias "SendMessageA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, lParam As Any) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetActiveWindow Lib "User32" Alias "SetActiveWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetCurrentDirectoryA Lib "Kernel32" Alias "SetCurrentDirectoryA" (ByVal lpPathName As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetFocus Lib "User32" Alias "SetFocus" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetForegroundWindow Lib "User32" Alias "SetForegroundWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetLocalTime Lib "Kernel32" Alias "SetLocalTime" (lpSystem As SystemTime) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetWindowPlacement Lib "User32" Alias "SetWindowPlacement" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByRef lpwndpl As winPlacement) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetWindowPos Lib "User32" Alias "SetWindowPos" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal hWndInsertAfter As Long, ByVal X As Long, ByVal Y As Long, ByVal cx As Long, ByVal cy As Long, ByVal wFlags As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiSetWindowText Lib "User32" Alias "SetWindowTextA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpString As String) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiShellExecute Lib "Shell32" Alias "ShellExecuteA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpOperation As String, ByVal lpFile As String, ByVal lpParameters As String, ByVal lpDirectory As String, ByVal nShowCmd As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiShowWindow Lib "User32" Alias "ShowWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal nCmdShow As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiShowWindowAsync Lib "User32" Alias "ShowWindowAsync" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal nCmdShow As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiStrCpy Lib "Kernel32" Alias "lstrcpynA" (ByVal pDestination As String, ByVal pSource As String, ByVal iMaxLength As Integer) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiStringLen Lib "Kernel32" Alias "lstrlenW" (ByVal lpString As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiStrTrimW Lib "ShlwApi" Alias "StrTrimW" () As Boolean
    Private Declare Function apiTerminateProcess Lib "Kernel32" Alias "TerminateProcess" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal uExitCode As Long) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiTimeGetTime Lib "Winmm" Alias "timeGetTime" () As Long
    Private Declare Function apiVarPtrArray Lib "MsVbVm50" Alias "VarPtr" (Var() As Any) As Long
    Private Declare Function apiWaitForSingleObject Lib "Kernel32" (ByVal hHandle As Long, ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long) As Long
    Private Type browseInfo     'used by apiBrowseForFolder
        hOwner As Long
        pidlRoot As Long
        pszDisplayName As String
        lpszTitle As String
        ulFlags As Long
        lpfn As Long
        lParam As Long
        iImage As Long
    End Type
    Private Declare Function apiBrowseForFolder Lib "Shell32" Alias "SHBrowseForFolderA" (lpBrowseInfo As browseInfo) As Long
    Private Type CHOOSECOLOR    'used by apiChooseColor; https://support.microsoft.com/kb/153929 and https://www.cpearson.com/Excel/Colors.aspx
        lStructSize As Long
        hWndOwner As Long
        hInstance As Long
        rgbResult As Long
        lpCustColors As String
        flags As Long
        lCustData As Long
        lpfnHook As Long
        lpTemplateName As String
    End Type
    Private Declare Function apiChooseColor Lib "ComDlg32" Alias "ChooseColorA" (pChoosecolor As CHOOSECOLOR) As Long
    Private Type FindWindowParameters   'Custom structure for passing in the parameters in/out of the hook enumeration function; could use global variables instead, but this is nicer
        strTitle As String  'INPUT
        hWnd As Long        'OUTPUT
    End Type                            'Find a specific window with dynamic caption from a list of all open windows: https://www.everythingaccess.com/tutorials.asp?ID=Bring-an-external-application-window-to-the-foreground
    Private Declare Function apiEnumWindows Lib "User32" Alias "EnumWindows" (ByVal lpEnumFunc As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Private Type lastInputInfo  'used by apiGetLastInputInfo, getLastInputTime
        cbSize As Long
        dwTime As Long
    End Type
    Private Declare Function apiGetLastInputInfo Lib "User32" Alias "GetLastInputInfo" (ByRef plii As lastInputInfo) As Long
    Private Type SystemTime
          wYear          As Integer
          wMonth         As Integer
          wDayOfWeek     As Integer
          wDay           As Integer
          wHour          As Integer
          wMinute        As Integer
          wSecond        As Integer
          wMilliseconds  As Integer
    End Type
    Private Declare Sub apiGetLocalTime Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetLocalTime" (lpSystem As SystemTime)
    Private Type pointAPI
        X As Long
        Y As Long
    End Type
    Private Type rectAPI
        Left_Renamed As Long
        Top_Renamed As Long
        Right_Renamed As Long
        Bottom_Renamed As Long
    End Type
    Private Type winPlacement
        length As Long
        flags As Long
        showCmd As Long
        ptMinPosition As pointAPI
        ptMaxPosition As pointAPI
        rcNormalPosition As rectAPI
    End Type
    Private Declare Function apiGetWindowPlacement Lib "User32" Alias "GetWindowPlacement" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByRef lpwndpl As winPlacement) As Long
    Private Type winRect
        Left As Long
        Top As Long
        Right As Long
        Bottom As Long
    End Type
    Private Declare Function apiMoveWindow Lib "User32" Alias "MoveWindow" (ByVal hWnd As Long, xLeft As Long, ByVal yTop As Long, wWidth As Long, ByVal hHeight As Long, ByVal repaint As Long) As Long
#Else   ' Win16 = True
#End If

Mac APIs

Microsoft doesn’t officially support APIs but with some research more declarations can be found online

Office 2016 for Mac is sandboxed

Unlike other versions of Office apps that support VBA, Office 2016 for Mac apps are sandboxed.

Sandboxing restricts the apps from accessing resources outside the app container. This affects any add-ins or macros that involve file access or communication across processes. You can minimize the effects of sandboxing by using the new commands described in the following section. New VBA commands for Office 2016 for Mac

The following VBA commands are new and unique to Office 2016 for Mac.

Command	Use to
GrantAccessToMultipleFiles	Request a user’s permission to access multiple files at once
AppleScriptTask	Call external AppleScript scripts from VB
MAC_OFFICE_VERSION	IFDEF between different Mac Office versions at compile time

Office 2011 for Mac

Private Declare Function system Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal command As String) As Long
Private Declare Function popen Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal command As String, ByVal mode As String) As Long
Private Declare Function pclose Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal file As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function fread Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal outStr As String, ByVal size As Long, ByVal items As Long, ByVal stream As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function feof Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal file As Long) As Long

Office 2016 for Mac

Private Declare PtrSafe Function popen Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal command As String, ByVal mode As String) As LongPtr
Private Declare PtrSafe Function pclose Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal file As LongPtr) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function fread Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal outStr As String, ByVal size As LongPtr, ByVal items As LongPtr, ByVal stream As LongPtr) As Long
Private Declare PtrSafe Function feof Lib "libc.dylib" (ByVal file As LongPtr) As LongPtr

Get total monitors and screen resolution

Option Explicit

'GetSystemMetrics32 info: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724385(VS.85).aspx
#If Win64 Then
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetSystemMetrics32 Lib "User32" Alias "GetSystemMetrics" (ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long
#ElseIf Win32 Then
    Private Declare Function GetSystemMetrics32 Lib "User32" Alias "GetSystemMetrics" (ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long
#End If

'VBA Wrappers:
Public Function dllGetMonitors() As Long
    Const SM_CMONITORS = 80
    dllGetMonitors = GetSystemMetrics32(SM_CMONITORS)
End Function

Public Function dllGetHorizontalResolution() As Long
    Const SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN = 78
    dllGetHorizontalResolution = GetSystemMetrics32(SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN)
End Function

Public Function dllGetVerticalResolution() As Long
    Const SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN = 79
    dllGetVerticalResolution = GetSystemMetrics32(SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN)
End Function

Public Sub ShowDisplayInfo()
    Debug.Print "Total monitors: " & vbTab & vbTab & dllGetMonitors
    Debug.Print "Horizontal Resolution: " & vbTab & dllGetHorizontalResolution
    Debug.Print "Vertical Resolution: " & vbTab & dllGetVerticalResolution

    'Total monitors:         1
    'Horizontal Resolution:  1920
    'Vertical Resolution:    1080
End Sub

FTP and Regional APIs

modFTP

Option Explicit
Option Compare Text
Option Private Module

'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384180(v=VS.85).aspx
'https://www.dailydoseofexcel.com/archives/2006/01/29/ftp-via-vba/
'https://www.15seconds.com/issue/981203.htm

'Open the Internet object
Private Declare Function InternetOpen Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetOpenA" ( _
    ByVal sAgent As String, _
    ByVal lAccessType As Long, _
    ByVal sProxyName As String, _
    ByVal sProxyBypass As String, _
    ByVal lFlags As Long _
) As Long
'ex: lngINet = InternetOpen(“MyFTP Control”, 1, vbNullString, vbNullString, 0)

'Connect to the network
Private Declare Function InternetConnect Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetConnectA" ( _
    ByVal hInternetSession As Long, _
    ByVal sServerName As String, _
    ByVal nServerPort As Integer, _
    ByVal sUsername As String, _
    ByVal sPassword As String, _
    ByVal lService As Long, _
    ByVal lFlags As Long, _
    ByVal lContext As Long _
) As Long
'ex: lngINetConn = InternetConnect(lngINet, "ftp.microsoft.com", 0, "anonymous", "wally@wallyworld.com", 1, 0, 0)

'Get a file
Private Declare Function FtpGetFile Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "FtpGetFileA" ( _
    ByVal hFtpSession As Long, _
    ByVal lpszRemoteFile As String, _
    ByVal lpszNewFile As String, _
    ByVal fFailIfExists As Boolean, _
    ByVal dwFlagsAndAttributes As Long, _
    ByVal dwFlags As Long, _
    ByVal dwContext As Long _
) As Boolean
'ex: blnRC = FtpGetFile(lngINetConn, "dirmap.txt", "c:\dirmap.txt", 0, 0, 1, 0)

'Send a file
Private Declare Function FtpPutFile Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "FtpPutFileA" _
( _
    ByVal hFtpSession As Long, _
    ByVal lpszLocalFile As String, _
    ByVal lpszRemoteFile As String, _
    ByVal dwFlags As Long, ByVal dwContext As Long _
) As Boolean
'ex: blnRC = FtpPutFile(lngINetConn, “c:\dirmap.txt”, “dirmap.txt”, 1, 0)

'Delete a file
Private Declare Function FtpDeleteFile Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "FtpDeleteFileA" _
( _
    ByVal hFtpSession As Long, _
    ByVal lpszFileName As String _
) As Boolean
'ex: blnRC = FtpDeleteFile(lngINetConn, “test.txt”)

'Close the Internet object
Private Declare Function InternetCloseHandle Lib "wininet.dll" (ByVal hInet As Long) As Integer
'ex: InternetCloseHandle lngINetConn
'ex: InternetCloseHandle lngINet



Private Declare Function FtpFindFirstFile Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "FtpFindFirstFileA" _
( _
    ByVal hFtpSession As Long, _
    ByVal lpszSearchFile As String, _
    lpFindFileData As WIN32_FIND_DATA, _
    ByVal dwFlags As Long, _
    ByVal dwContent As Long _
) As Long
Private Type FILETIME
        dwLowDateTime As Long
        dwHighDateTime As Long
End Type
Private Type WIN32_FIND_DATA
        dwFileAttributes As Long
        ftCreationTime As FILETIME
        ftLastAccessTime As FILETIME
        ftLastWriteTime As FILETIME
        nFileSizeHigh As Long
        nFileSizeLow As Long
        dwReserved0 As Long
        dwReserved1 As Long
        cFileName As String * MAX_FTP_PATH
        cAlternate As String * 14
End Type
'ex: lngHINet = FtpFindFirstFile(lngINetConn, "*.*", pData, 0, 0)

Private Declare Function InternetFindNextFile Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetFindNextFileA" _
( _
    ByVal hFind As Long, _
    lpvFindData As WIN32_FIND_DATA _
) As Long
'ex: blnRC = InternetFindNextFile(lngHINet, pData)


Public Sub showLatestFTPVersion()
    Dim ftpSuccess As Boolean, msg As String, lngFindFirst As Long
    Dim lngINet As Long, lngINetConn As Long
    Dim pData As WIN32_FIND_DATA
    'init the filename buffer
    pData.cFileName = String(260, 0)

    msg = "FTP Error"
    lngINet = InternetOpen("MyFTP Control", 1, vbNullString, vbNullString, 0)
    If lngINet > 0 Then
        lngINetConn = InternetConnect(lngINet, FTP_SERVER_NAME, FTP_SERVER_PORT, FTP_USER_NAME, FTP_PASSWORD, 1, 0, 0)
        If lngINetConn > 0 Then
                FtpPutFile lngINetConn, "C:\Tmp\ftp.cls", "ftp.cls", FTP_TRANSFER_BINARY, 0
                'lngFindFirst = FtpFindFirstFile(lngINetConn, "ExcelDiff.xlsm", pData, 0, 0)
            If lngINet = 0 Then
                msg = "DLL error: " & Err.LastDllError & ", Error Number: " & Err.Number & ", Error Desc: " & Err.Description
            Else
                msg = left(pData.cFileName, InStr(1, pData.cFileName, String(1, 0), vbBinaryCompare) - 1)
            End If
            InternetCloseHandle lngINetConn
        End If
    InternetCloseHandle lngINet
    End If
        MsgBox msg
End Sub

modRegional:

Option Explicit

Private Const LOCALE_SDECIMAL = &HE
Private Const LOCALE_SLIST = &HC

Private Declare Function GetLocaleInfo Lib "Kernel32" Alias "GetLocaleInfoA" (ByVal Locale As Long, ByVal LCType As Long, ByVal lpLCData As String, ByVal cchData As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function SetLocaleInfo Lib "Kernel32" Alias "SetLocaleInfoA" (ByVal Locale As Long, ByVal LCType As Long, ByVal lpLCData As String) As Boolean
Private Declare Function GetUserDefaultLCID% Lib "Kernel32" ()

Public Function getTimeSeparator() As String
    getTimeSeparator = Application.International(xlTimeSeparator)
End Function
Public Function getDateSeparator() As String
    getDateSeparator = Application.International(xlDateSeparator)
End Function
Public Function getListSeparator() As String
    Dim ListSeparator As String, iRetVal1 As Long, iRetVal2 As Long, lpLCDataVar As String, Position As Integer, Locale As Long
    Locale = GetUserDefaultLCID()
    iRetVal1 = GetLocaleInfo(Locale, LOCALE_SLIST, lpLCDataVar, 0)
    ListSeparator = String$(iRetVal1, 0)
    iRetVal2 = GetLocaleInfo(Locale, LOCALE_SLIST, ListSeparator, iRetVal1)
    Position = InStr(ListSeparator, Chr$(0))
    If Position > 0 Then ListSeparator = Left$(ListSeparator, Position - 1) Else ListSeparator = vbNullString
    getListSeparator = ListSeparator
End Function

Private Sub ChangeSettingExample()  'change the setting of the character displayed as the decimal separator.
    Call SetLocalSetting(LOCALE_SDECIMAL, ",")  'to change to ","
    Stop                                        'check your control panel to verify or use the GetLocaleInfo API function
    Call SetLocalSetting(LOCALE_SDECIMAL, ".")  'to back change to "."
End Sub

Private Function SetLocalSetting(LC_CONST As Long, Setting As String) As Boolean
    Call SetLocaleInfo(GetUserDefaultLCID(), LC_CONST, Setting)
End Function