iOS

UIColor

Creating a UIColor

There are many ways you can create a UIColor:

Swift

  • Using one of the predefined colors:

    let redColor = UIColor.redColor()
let blueColor: UIColor = .blueColor()

// In Swift 3, the "Color()" suffix is removed:
let redColor = UIColor.red
let blueColor: UIColor = .blue

    If the compiler already knows that the variable is an instance of UIColor you can skip the type all together:

    let view = UIView()
view.backgroundColor = .yellowColor()

  • Using the grayscale value and the alpha:

    let grayscaleColor = UIColor(white: 0.5, alpha: 1.0)

  • Using hue, saturation, brightness and alpha:

    let hsbColor = UIColor(
    hue: 0.4,
    saturation: 0.3,
    brightness: 0.7,
    alpha: 1.0
)

  • Using the RGBA values:

    let rgbColor = UIColor(
    red: 30.0 / 255, 
    green: 70.0 / 255, 
    blue: 200.0 / 255, 
    alpha: 1.0
)

  • Using a pattern image:

    let patternColor = UIColor(patternImage: UIImage(named: "myImage")!)

Objective-C

  • Using one of the predefined colors:

    UIColor *redColor = [UIColor redColor];

  • Using the grayscale value and the alpha:

    UIColor *grayscaleColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite: 0.5 alpha: 1.0];

  • Using hue, saturation, brightness and alpha:

    UIColor *hsbColor = [UIColor
    colorWithHue: 0.4
    saturation: 0.3
    brightness: 0.7
    alpha: 1.0
];

  • Using the RGBA values:

    UIColor *rgbColor = [UIColor
    colorWithRed: 30.0 / 255.0
    green: 70.0 / 255.0
    blue: 200.0 / 255.0 
    alpha: 1.0
];

  • Using a pattern image:

    UIColor *pattenColor = [UIColor colorWithPatternImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"myImage.png"]];

Undocumented Methods

There are a variety of undocumented methods on UIColorwhich expose alternate colors or functionality. These can be found in the UIColor private header file. I will document the use of two private methods, styleString() and _systemDestructiveTintColor().

styleString

Since iOS 2.0 there is a private instance method on UIColor called styleString which returns an RGB or RGBA string representation of the color, even for colors like whiteColor outside the RGB space.

Objective-C:

@interface UIColor (Private)

- (NSString *)styleString;

@end

// ...

[[UIColor whiteColor] styleString]; // rgb(255,255,255)
[[UIColor redColor] styleString]; // rgb(255,0,0)
[[UIColor lightTextColor] styleString]; // rgba(255,255,255,0.600000)

In Swift you could use a bridging header to expose the interface. With pure Swift, you will need to create an @objc protocol with the private method, and unsafeBitCast UIColor with the protocol:

@objc protocol  UIColorPrivate {
    func styleString() -> String
}

let white = UIColor.whiteColor()
let red = UIColor.redColor()
let lightTextColor = UIColor.lightTextColor()

let whitePrivate = unsafeBitCast(white, UIColorPrivate.self)
let redPrivate = unsafeBitCast(red, UIColorPrivate.self)
let lightTextColorPrivate = unsafeBitCast(lightTextColor, UIColorPrivate.self)

whitePrivate.styleString() // rgb(255,255,255)
redPrivate.styleString() // rgb(255,0,0)
lightTextColorPrivate.styleString() // rgba(255,255,255,0.600000)

_systemDestructiveTintColor()

There is an undocumented class method on UIColor called _systemDestructiveTintColor which will return the red color used by destructive system buttons:

let red = UIColor.performSelector("_systemDestructiveTintColor").takeUnretainedValue()

It returns an unmanaged object, which you must call .takeUnretainedValue() on, since the color ownership has not been transferred to our own object.

As with any undocumented API, you should take caution when trying to use this method:

if UIColor.respondsToSelector("_systemDestructiveTintColor") {
    if let red = UIColor.performSelector("_systemDestructiveTintColor").takeUnretainedValue() as? UIColor {
        // use the color
    }
}

or by using a protocol:

@objc protocol UIColorPrivateStatic {
    func _systemDestructiveTintColor() -> UIColor
}

let privateClass = UIColor.self as! UIColorPrivateStatic
privateClass._systemDestructiveTintColor() // UIDeviceRGBColorSpace 1 0.231373 0.188235 1

Color with Alpha component

You can set the opacity to a certain UIColor without creating a new one using the init(red:_,green:_,blue:_,alpha:_) initializer.

Swift

let colorWithAlpha = UIColor.redColor().colorWithAlphaComponent(0.1)

Swift 3

//In Swift Latest Version
_ colorWithAlpha = UIColor.red.withAlphaComponent(0.1)

Objective-C

UIColor * colorWithAlpha = [[UIColor redColor] colorWithAlphaComponent:0.1];

Make user defined attributes apply the CGColor datatype

By default, Interface Builder doesn’t accept the CGColor datatype, so to allow adding a CGColor using user defined attributes in interface builder; one may want to use an extension like this:

Swift Extension :

extension CALayer {
    func borderUIColor() -> UIColor? {
        return borderColor != nil ? UIColor(CGColor: borderColor!) : nil
    }
    
    func setBorderUIColor(color: UIColor) {
        borderColor = color.CGColor
    }
}

The new user defined attribute (borderUIColor) will be recognized and applied without problems.

enter image description here

Creating a UIColor from hexadecimal number or string

You can create a UIColor from a hexadecimal number or string, e.g. 0xff00cc, “#FFFFFF”

Swift

Int Value

extension UIColor {
    convenience init(hex: Int, alpha: CGFloat = 1.0) {
        let r = CGFloat((hex >> 16) & 0xff) / 255
        let g = CGFloat((hex >> 08) & 0xff) / 255
        let b = CGFloat((hex >> 00) & 0xff) / 255
        self.init(red: r, green: g, blue: b, alpha: alpha)
    }
}

Example:

let color = UIColor(hex: 0xff00cc, alpha: 1.0)

Note that for alpha the default value of 1.0 is provided, so it can be used as follows:

let color = UIColor(hex: 0xff00cc)

String Value

extension UIColor {
    convenience init(hexCode: String) {
        let hex = hexCode.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.alphanumericCharacterSet().invertedSet)
        var int = UInt32()
        NSScanner(string: hex).scanHexInt(&int)
        let a, r, g, b: UInt32

        switch hex.characters.count {
        case 3:
            (a, r, g, b) = (255, (int >> 8) * 17, (int >> 4 & 0xF) * 17, (int & 0xF) * 17)
        case 6:
            (a, r, g, b) = (255, int >> 16, int >> 8 & 0xFF, int & 0xFF)
        case 8:
            (a, r, g, b) = (int >> 24, int >> 16 & 0xFF, int >> 8 & 0xFF, int & 0xFF)
        default:
            (a, r, g, b) = (1, 1, 1, 0)
        }
    
        self.init(red: CGFloat(r) / 255, green: CGFloat(g) / 255, blue: CGFloat(b) / 255, alpha: CGFloat(a) / 255)
    }
}

Example Usage:

Hex with alpha

let color = UIColor("#80FFFFFF")

Hex with no alpha (color alpha will equal 1.0)

let color = UIColor("#FFFFFF")
let color = UIColor("#FFF")

Objective-C

Int Value

@interface UIColor (Hex)
+ (UIColor *)colorWithHex:(NSUInteger)hex alpha:(CGFloat)alpha;
@end

@implementation UIColor (Hex)
+ (UIColor *)colorWithHex:(NSUInteger)hex alpha:(CGFloat)alpha {
    return [UIColor colorWithRed:((CGFloat)((hex & 0xFF0000) >> 16))/255.0
                           green:((CGFloat)((hex & 0xFF00) >> 8))/255.0
                            blue:((CGFloat)(hex & 0xFF))/255.0
                           alpha:alpha];
}
@end

Example:

UIColor *color = [UIColor colorWithHex:0xff00cc alpha:1.0];

String Value

- (UIColor*) hex:(NSString*)hexCode {
    
    NSString *noHashString = [hexCode stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"#" withString:@""];
    NSScanner *scanner = [NSScanner scannerWithString:noHashString];
    [scanner setCharactersToBeSkipped:[NSCharacterSet symbolCharacterSet]];
    
    unsigned hex;
    if (![scanner scanHexInt:&hex]) return nil;
    int a;
    int r;
    int g;
    int b;

    switch (noHashString.length) {
        case 3:
            a = 255;
            r = (hex >> 8) * 17;
            g = ((hex >> 4) & 0xF) * 17;
            b = ((hex >> 0) & 0xF) * 17;
            break;
        case 6:
            a = 255;
            r = (hex >> 16);
            g = (hex >> 8) & 0xFF;
            b = (hex) & 0xFF;
            break;
        case 8:
            a = (hex >> 24);
            r = (hex >> 16) & 0xFF;
            g = (hex >> 8) & 0xFF;
            b = (hex) & 0xFF;
            break;
            
        default:
            a = 255.0;
            r = 255.0;
            b = 255.0;
            g = 255.0;
            break;
    }

    return [UIColor colorWithRed:r / 255.0f green:g / 255.0f blue:b / 255.0f alpha:a / 255];
}

Example usage:

Hex with alpha

UIColor* color = [self hex:@"#80FFFFFF"];

Hex with no alpha (color alpha will equal 1)

UIColor* color = [self hex:@"#FFFFFF"];
UIColor* color = [self hex:@"#FFF"];

Adjusted Brightness of Color from UIColor

The below code example will give you an adjusted version of that color where a higher percentage will be brighter and a lower percentage will be darker.

Objective-C

+ (UIColor *)adjustedColorForColor:(UIColor *)c : (double)percent
{
    if (percent < 0) percent = 0;
    
    CGFloat r, g, b, a;
    if ([c getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
        return [UIColor colorWithRed:MAX(r * percent, 0.0)
                               green:MAX(g * percent, 0.0)
                                blue:MAX(b * percent, 0.0)
                               alpha:a];
    return nil;
}

Swift

func adjustedColorForColor( c: UIColor, var percent: CGFloat) -> UIColor {
    if percent < 0 {
        percent = 0
    }

    var r,g,b,a: CGFloat
    r = 0.0
    g = 0.0
    b = 0.0
    a = 0.0

    if c.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a) {
        return UIColor(red: max(r * percent, 0.0), green: max(g * percent, 0.0), blue: max(b * percent, 0.0), alpha: a)
    }

    return UIColor()
}

UIColor from an image pattern

You can create a UIColor object using an image pattern by using the UIColor(patternImage:_) method.

btn.backgroundColor = UIColor(patternImage: UIImage(named: "image")!)

enter image description here

Lighter and Darker Shade of a given UIColor

The code example below demonstrate how you can get a lighter and darker shade of a given color, useful in applications having dynamic themes

For Darker Color

+ (UIColor *)darkerColorForColor:(UIColor *)c
{
    CGFloat r, g, b, a;
    if ([c getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
        return [UIColor colorWithRed:MAX(r - 0.2, 0.0)
                               green:MAX(g - 0.2, 0.0)
                                blue:MAX(b - 0.2, 0.0)
                               alpha:a];
    return nil;
}

For Lighter Color

+ (UIColor *)lighterColorForColor:(UIColor *)c
{
    CGFloat r, g, b, a;
    if ([c getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
        return [UIColor colorWithRed:MIN(r + 0.2, 1.0)
                               green:MIN(g + 0.2, 1.0)
                                blue:MIN(b + 0.2, 1.0)
                               alpha:a];
    return nil;
}

See Visual differences below, considering given color is [UIColor orangeColor]

Visual Demo

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